Bioleaching is the extraction of a metal from sulfide ores or concentrates using materials found native to the environment; namely, water, air and microorganisms. In other words, bioleaching is the commercialization of the ability of certain bacteria and archaea, found in nature, to catalyze the oxidation of sulfide minerals.
Since the copper grade is very low and the deposit contains significant amounts of arsenic, the traditional flotation and smelting process cannot be applied to extract copper economically and effectively, and in 1998 the mine operators began extracting copper using heap bioleaching (Ruan et al. 2006). Due to the relatively warm climate (average ...
Due to the ongoing scarcity of copper resources globally, the extraction of copper from waste rocks has become an unavoidable necessity. This study investigated the phytoextraction of copper from lowgrade chalcocite (LGC) ore using Tagetes sp. Therefore, the LGC and the garden soil mixtures, with different percentages, were utilized to achieve the optimum condition in 4 weeks. Mixing 50% LGC ...
The authors Moravvej et al. studied the effects of microwave irradiation as a pretreatment for sulphides and oxidized copper ores via leaching tests in shaking flasks, to later carry out a conventional leaching process, obtaining a copper extraction of % for sulphide copper ores without pretreatment and % with pretreatment, while for ...
Spasova et al. (2006) examined the extraction of copper, gold, and silver from a heap consisting of five tons of polymetallic sulfide ore that had been crushed to less sizes than 10 mm. The main copperbearing mineral of the ore was chalcopyrite, while secondary copper sulfides, such as covellite and bornite, also were present.
Extraction processes for secondary copper sulfides and lowgrade ores includes the process of heap bioleaching. Heap bioleaching presents a cost efficient extraction method that requires a less intensive energy input resulting in a higher profit. This extraction process can be applied to large quantities of lowgrade ores, at a lower capital ...
In this regard, the present work assessed the bioleaching of two chalcopyrite ores—containing % Cu (copper ore 1) and % Cu (copper ore 2) by the extreme thermophilic archaea Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. In addition, the effect of different NaCl concentrations ( − mol/L) on copper extraction were investigated.
Bioleaching Process for Copper Extraction from Waste in Alkaline and Acid Medium by Ivica Ristović 1,*, Darina Štyriaková 2,3, Iveta Štyriaková 2, Jaroslav Šuba 2 and Emilija Širadović 1 1 Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Djusina 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 2 ekolive, Americká trieda 3, 04013 Kosice, Slovakia 3
The process of extracting metals using microorganisms is called biomining. The HZDR researchers search for suitable bacteria for exploiting copper deposits. "Copper often is thinly dispersed within the ores and difficult to extract by traditional extraction methods", says Katrin Pollmann. The majority of the copper within the ore is firmly ...
The interaction between microorganisms and minerals was a hot topic to reveal the transformation of key elements that affecting bioleaching efficiency. Three typical lowgrade copper ores, the main copperbearing components of which were primary sulfide, secondary sulfide and highoxidative sulfide copper, were obtained from Dexing, Zijinshan ...
methods. Phytoextraction (phytomining) Plants absorb mineral ions through their roots. Phytoextraction makes use of this: plants are grown in soil that contains low grade ore the plants absorb...
Alternatively, bioleaching (or biomining) by microorganisms is used to extract metals from ores by dissolving them into extremely acidic aqueous solution. Bioleaching is a natural process involving acidophilic bacteria and archaea, which have the ability to either oxidize metal sulfides or to oxidize reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs ...
Sengupta Sahana. Bioleaching is the extraction of specific metals from their ores through the use of bacteria. Bioleaching is a new technique used by the mining industry to extract minerals such ...
Apr 24 2014. Bioleaching, or microbial ore leaching, is a process used to extract metals from their ores using bacterial microorganisms. The bacteria feed on nutrients in the minerals, causing the metal to separate from its ore. The metals commonly extracted using this process include gold, silver, zinc, copper, lead, arsenic, antimony, nickel ...
The most known application for this technology is the bio‐oxidation of copper sulphides from primary resources, but opportunities in the mining industry will target too the processing of secondary resources, such as tailings, slag, concentrates and dumps as well as run of mine and crushed low‐grade ore material, with an increasingly positioning of bioleaching as a natural solution ...
Fig. 6 shows a twostage pilotscale heap bioleaching process to extract copper, gold, and silver from a polymetallic sulfide ore using biosolutions containing acidophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria for copper bioleaching, and containing microbial protein hydrolysate, thiosulphate, and copper and sulfite ions for gold and silver bioleaching ...
The Earth's supply of metal ores close ore A rock containing enough quantities of a mineral for extraction to be possible. is limited. For example, highgrade copper ores are becoming harder to ...
Bioleaching is commonly used to extract copper from the lowgrade ores or coppercontaining wastes due to the merits of environmentally friendliness and low cost (Yin et al., 2019a, Yin et al., 2021a; Li et al., 2014), however, bioleaching is impeded by its sluggish reaction kinetics (Yu et al., 2020; Guezennec et al., 2017).
Thionic bacteria facilitating bioleaching of sulfide ores were produced from sulfides and runoffs from the Allarechensky Deposit Dumps coppernickel ores. For further work in a bioreactor at 27 °C and steady aeration bacterial biomass with a cell number of 10 9 cells/mL was produced. A scaleup process was carried out during 1012 days on ...
In bioleaching, bacteria are used to extract copper ions from low grade copper this process, bacteria convert copper compounds within ores into copper compound solutions are called the leachate and can be separates using electrolysis or displacement reactions to form copper metal.. Bioleaching has the advantage of being a relatively green process.
Bioleaching of numerous copper ores such as chalcopyrite concentrates has been carried out since 1997 in Chili, Mexico, USA, Australia and South Africa. Dump bioleaching at a high altitude was found to be a very low cost process for extracting copper from ores (Watling, 2015).
Bioleaching has been successfully applied for copper extraction from secondary copper sulfide ores. ... 10%, at 150 rpm and 30 °C; purely in the presence of bacterial consortia and without any prior pretreatment of the ore body. During bioleaching process, analytical study of pH and ORP fluctuations was monitored that reflected efficient ...
2 Bioleaching of EWaste for Metal Recovery. Bioleaching is the microbemediated transformation or mobilization of metals from the ores or metal wastes into the lixiviant [ 10 ]. The abiotic factors that affect bioleaching are pH, temperature, substrate concentration, oxygen requirements, etc.
Overall, some 20% of the world's copper production comes from bioleaching. The practice is not limited to copper. Microorganisms are also used to extract gold and uranium.
Additionally, for gold and copper extractions, bioleaching is used to extract cobalt, zinc, nickel, and uranium from lowgrade ores and industrial effluents. In this review, the fundamental process of bioleaching from lowgrade metal sulfide ores are discussed with emphasis on mechanism, types, pathways, techniques, and bioleaching development.
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